26년 7월의 영어 공부

강사의 권고
- 너무 완벽하고자 하지 말고 기대 수준을 낮추고 많이 말하라. (동시에 정관사 틀렸다고 지적을 많이 받음. 어쩌라고.)
- Pace and rhythm도 중요하다.
- z sound 지적을 많이 받는다. (Visit, President, 등)
  - Pronunciation
새로 배운 단어 / 표현
- anecdote: a short, often funny story, especially about something someone has done
- conscientious(/ˌkɒn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs/): putting a lot of effort into your work. serious about your work and putting a lot of effort into doing it in a careful way.
  - a conscientious student / a conscientious worker
- cutback: a reduction in something, made in order to save money
  - The closure of the printing factory is the company’s biggest single cutback so far.
  - The company has announced cutbacks in production.
- fairly: more than average, but less than very / more than a little; to some degree
  - She’s farily tall. / I’m fairly sure that this is the right address. / I saw her fairly recently. / I know him fairly well.
- feel up to something: to have the energy to do something
  - I don’t feel up to going out tonight.
- finish strong: 유종의 미
- makeshift: temporary and of low quality, but used because of a sudden need
  - Thousands of refugees are living in makeshift camps.
- paddling pool: a small toy pool for small children to play in
- procrastinate(/prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/): to keep delaying something that must be done, often because it is unpleasant or boring
  - I had been meaning to do it, but I kept procrastinating.
- roe: fish eggs, eaten as food
- starting is half the battle: 시작이 반이다.
- verdict(/ˈvɜː.dɪkt/): an opinion or decision made after judging the facts that are given, especially one made at the end of a trial
  - Voters gave their vertict on the government’s economic record last night.
- wash the bedding: better expression than “doing laundry for bed sheets”
틀리게 / 부정확하게 알고 있었던 내용
- articles:
  - Definite Article
  - 스포츠나 차트에서 등수를 말할 때는 정관사를 안쓴다.
    - took 3rd place, came in 1st place, finished in 2nd place
  - soup vs. a soup: 원칙적으로 불가산 명사가 맞으나 특정한 한 종류의 요리나 식당에서 나오는 한 그릇을 의미할 때는 가산 명사로 취급. 그리고 형용사의 수식을 받을 때도 “a”를 붙임.
    - I like soup. (일반적인 ‘Soup’)
    - This is a delicious Korean soup. (특정한 ‘한 종류’의 탕/국 요리)
    - Can I get a soup and a salad? (식당에서 주문하는 ‘한 그릇’)
    - a normal stew / a thick soup
  - Lunch, dinner 등도 형용사의 수식(like late, quick, delicious, or heavy)을 받으면 부정관사를 쓴다. (it turns into a countable description of that specific meal event.)
    - “We had a late lunch.” (describes a specific kind of lunch)
    - “We had a quick breakfast before leaving.”
    - “She cooked a delicious dinner for us.”
  - 고유명사라도 유명한 건축물이나 공연장 이름 앞에는 보통 the가 붙고, 반대로 기차역/전철역 이름 앞에는 the를 쓰지 않는다.
- had chatting (X), had a chat (O), chatted (O)
- deserve: 목적어를 바로 쓰던지 infinitive를 사용해야 함. deserve -ing (X) deserve to verb (O) deserve somthing (O)
- familiar with vs. familiar to
  - 사람이 무언가에 익숙할 때: I am familiar with this course.
  - 사물/개념이 주어일 때: This course is familiar to me.
- gerund vs. infinitive
  - Future, goals, intentions, or hypothetical actions: Infinitives
    - I hope to visit Lodon. (Future goal)
    - He decided to buy a car. (Intention before the action)
    - She wants to learn English. (Desire for the future)
  - Past actions, ongoing real experiences, or completed events: Gerunds
    - I enjoy playing golf. (An ongoing real experience you do)
    - He admitted making a mistake. (Refers to a past completed action)
    - She finished cooking dinner. (Completed action)
  - Activities in general or abstract concept: Gerunds
    - I love cooking. (The general activity/hobby)
    - Swimming is good for your health. (Subject of a sentence)
  - A specific instance or choice: Infinitives
    - I like to cook dinner early on Sundays. (A specific habit/choice)
  - Can take both, but the meaning shifts:
    - I remember meeting him. vs. Please remember to meet him.
    - I stopped smoking. vs. I stopped to skome.
    - Try adding more salt (Experiment & Solution). vs. I tried to lift the heavy box (Effort & Struggle)
- a good night’s sleep: good sleep 이라고 안함.
- prepositions: 알고 있지만 말할 때 종종 헷갈리는 전치사는 결국 자주 쓰는 수밖에 없음.
  - Prepositions with Georgie
- present perfect vs. simple past:
  - 과거 특정 시점: Simple past (I went to Madrid two years ago.)
  - 특정할 수 없는 과거. 시점이 중요하지 않은 과거의 경험: Present perfect (I’ve been to Spain.)
  - 과거 일인데 현재 시점에 중요하지 않은 경우: Simple past (Did you do your homework?)
  - 과거 일인데 현재와 연관이 있는 경우. 과거 이벤트로 인해 지금이 어떤 지가 중요한 경우: Present perfect (Have you done your homework?)
  - Just, already, yet 등도 현재와 relation이 있다고 봐야 됨: Present perfect (I haven’t done it yet)
  - Present Perfect
  - (한 줄 요약) 지금 내 눈앞에 그 영향이 남아있는가?
- prevent A from B
  - prevent something to happen은 틀렸고 prevent something from happending이 맞음
    - The rain prevented us from playing golf. (O)
    - The rain prevented us to play golf. (X)
    - This medicine will prevent you from getting sick. (O)
- redundant in xx vs. redundant with xx
  - Redundant in xx means it’s superfluous inside xx; redundant with xx means it duplicates xx
- reported speech:
  - Fact 또는 일반적인 사실: Present (I asked the teacher and she said the sky is bule.)
  - 과거 시점에서 아직 안 일어난 사건: Present (오전 10시 시점에. I asked the teacher about the homework and she said it needs to be done by 5pm today. He said the party starts at 9pm tomorrow.)
  - Reported Speech
- sing along to the music: to를 붙여야 됨.
- suggested for someone to do something (X) suggested that somenone do something (O)
  - I suggested that we should meet. / They suggested we meet up at Mustafa’s.
- this (adverb): “so” or “to this degree”
  - (O) this difficult, this cold, this far, this late
  - (X) this much difficult (this much, this much money는 맞음)
- unpack vs. unpacked: unpack이 동사일 때는 열다가 되지만 unpacked라는 상태는 “풀지 않은” 상태. unpacked = unopened (opened가 아님) (여전히 와 닿지는 않음)
- present simple vs. present continuous: (과거 시제도 마찬가지)
  - She is working: temporary
  - She works: long-term situation
  - Present Simple & Present Continuous
  - I felt unwell (단순 사실) vs. I was feeling unwell (상태의 흐름)
입에 붙게 연습할 내용
- Lately, I’ve been ~ing more often.
  - Lately, I’ve been forgeting names more often.
- help somebody with something
  - I was helping her with her homework.
- people tend to verb
- I was surprised to learn that … / I was surprised to find out that
  - I was surprised by knowing that.. (X)
- my very first time doing xx in my life
- when to use
- is located right across from
- more like A rather than B

26년 7월의 영어 공부

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